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In woody plants, a tylosis (plural: tyloses) is a bladder-like distension of a parenchyma cell into the lumen of adjacent vessels. The term tylosis summarises the physiological process and the resulting occlusion in the xylem of woody plants as response to injury or as protection from decay in heartwood. [1]
Heartwood formation is a genetically programmed process that occurs spontaneously. Some uncertainty exists as to whether the wood dies during heartwood formation, as it can still chemically react to decay organisms, but only once. [13] The term heartwood derives solely from its position and not from any vital importance to the tree. This is ...
Beech is a popular hardwood. Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees.These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. [1] In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen.
The diseased heartwood softens, making trees structurally weaker and prone to breakage. Heart rot is a major factor in the economics of logging and the natural growth dynamic of many older forests. Heart rot is prevalent throughout the world affecting all hardwood trees and can be very difficult to prevent.
The trunk consists of five main parts: The outer bark, inner bark , cambium, sapwood (live xylem), and heartwood (dead xylem). [2] From the outside of the tree working in: The first layer is the outer bark; this is the protective outermost layer of the trunk. Under this is the inner bark which is called the phloem. The phloem is how the tree ...
The epithet album refers to the "white" of the heartwood. The species was the first to be known as sandalwood. Other species in the genus Santalum, such as the Australian S. spicatum, are also referred to as true sandalwoods, to distinguish them from trees with similar-smelling wood or oil.
A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula (/ ˈ b ɛ tj ʊ l ə /), [2] in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.It is closely related to the beech-oak family Fagaceae.
The heartwood is yellowish to golden-brown. Sapwood is whitish to pale yellowish brown. It can easily separate from heartwood. [citation needed] Teak darkens as it ages. There can be a large variation, depending on which region the teak is from. Old growth has much tighter rings than new growth. [10] There is a leather-like scent in newly cut ...