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James J. Fyfe (February 16, 1942 – November 12, 2005) was an American criminologist, a leading authority on the police use of force and police accountability, and a police administrator. His research on the police use of deadly force has been cited extensively, most notably in the 1985 Supreme Court case of Tennessee v.
In the United States, use of deadly force by police has been a high-profile and contentious issue. [1] In 2022, 1,096 people were killed by police shootings according to The Washington Post, [2] while according to the "Mapping Police Violence" (MPV) project, 1,176 people were killed by police in total.
Garner and Maxwell (1996) [18] found that when force was necessary, in 80 percent of the encounters, police opted to use weaponless force such as grabbing or shoving. Alpert and Dunham (1999) [19] show that police use of force is reactionary, initiated by suspect resisting arrest. Force is more likely to be employed if suspect is disrespectful ...
Surveillance video footage released on Nov. 30 showed a New York Police Department officer shot during an altercation with a suspect after fleeing from police in an April 5 incident.
A 40-year-old mother was one of six people shot in a New York City convenience store when one of the suspected targets of a "brazen and heartless attack" used her as a human shield, authorities said.
Deadly force, also known as lethal force, is the use of force that is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death to another person. In most jurisdictions, the use of deadly force is justified only under conditions of extreme necessity as a last resort , when all lesser means have failed or cannot reasonably be employed.
For many, the killing of unarmed Missouri teen Michael Brown brings to mind other instances where officers used deadly force. "I can't breathe, I can't breathe" Law enforcement is the only non ...
For the English law on the use of force in crime prevention, see Self-defence in English law.The Australian position on the use of troops for civil policing is set out by Michael Head in Calling Out the Troops: Disturbing Trends and Unanswered Questions; [4] compare "Use of Deadly Force by the South African Police Services Re-visited" [5] by Malebo Keebine-Sibanda and Omphemetse Sibanda.