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Floxuridine is a pyrimidine analog that acts as an inhibitor of the S-phase of cell division. This selectively kills rapidly dividing cells. This selectively kills rapidly dividing cells. Antimetabolites masquerade as pyrimidine -like molecules which prevents normal pyrimidines from being incorporated into DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle.
Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria. [1] Cyclic di-GMP is not known to be used by archaea , and has only been observed in eukaryotes in Dictyostelium . [ 2 ]
Fluorouracil (5-FU, 5-fluorouracil), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a cytotoxic chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. [3] By intravenous injection it is used for treatment of colorectal cancer , oesophageal cancer , stomach cancer , pancreatic cancer , breast cancer , and cervical cancer . [ 3 ]
Fluorouracil. Floxuridine. Gemcitabine. Medical uses. Pyrimidine antimetabolites are commonly used to treat cancer by interfering with DNA replication. [1] References
PDE5 inhibitors are generally well tolerated, with side effects including transient headaches, flushing, dyspepsia, congestion and dizziness. [3] There have also been reports of temporary vision disturbances with sildenafil and, to a lesser extent, vardenafil, and back and muscle pain with tadalafil. [3]
The major side effects of tegafur are similar to fluorouracil and include myelosuppression, central neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity (especially diarrhoea). [3] Gastrointestinal toxicity is the dose-limiting side effect of tegafur. [3] Central neurotoxicity is more common with tegafur than with fluorouracil. [3]
Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and the first to be found in metazoans. Other CDNs (c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP) are commonly found in bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. As the name suggests, cGAMP is cyclic molecule composed of one Adenine monophosphate (AMP) and one Guanine monophosphate (GMP) connected by two phosphodiester bonds.
Cyclic-guanylate-specific phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.52, cyclic bis(3′→5')diguanylate phosphodiesterase, c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase, c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, phosphodiesterase, phosphodiesterase A1, PDEA1, VieA) is an enzyme with systematic name cyclic bis(3′→5′)diguanylate 3-guanylylhydrolase.