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A third- or fourth-order acoustic crossover often has just a second-order electrical filter. This requires that speaker drivers be well behaved a considerable way from the nominal crossover frequency, and further that the high-frequency driver be able to survive a considerable input in a frequency range below its crossover point.
In 1975 Ed Long [1] in cooperation with Ronald J. Wickersham invented the first technique to Time-Align a loudspeaker systems. In 1976 Long presented "A Time-Align Technique for Loudspeakers System Design" [2] at the 54th AES convention demonstrating the use of the Time-Align generator to design improved crossover networks for multi-way loudspeakers systems.
The midwoofer-tweeter-midwoofer loudspeaker configuration (called MTM, for short) was a design arrangement from the late 1960s that suffered from serious lobing issues that prevented its popularity until it was perfected by Joseph D'Appolito as a way of correcting the inherent lobe tilting of a typical mid-tweeter (MT) configuration, at the crossover frequency, unless time-aligned. [1]
This is the biggest advantage of L-R crossovers compared to even-order Butterworth crossovers, whose summed output has a +3 dB peak around the crossover frequency. Since cascading two n th -order Butterworth filters will give a (2 n ) th -order Linkwitz–Riley filter, theoretically any (2 n ) th -order Linkwitz–Riley crossover can be designed.
Acoustic lobing refers to the radiation pattern of a combination of two or more loudspeaker drivers at a certain frequency, as seen looking at the speaker from its side.In most multi-way speakers, it is at the crossover frequency that the effects of lobing are of greatest concern, since this determines how well the speaker preserves the tonality of the original recorded content.
Here, examples include tweaking an automobile door latching mechanism to impress a consumer with a satisfying click or modifying an exhaust manifold to change the tone of an engine's rumble. Aircraft designers are also using acoustic instrumentation to reduce the noise generated on takeoff and landing.
For the first time in the history of Dick Wolf’s “Law & Order” franchise, all three dramas are uniting for a special premiere event on Sept. 22 from 8-11 p.m. ET on NBC. The historic “Law ...
Frequency response was quoted to be 17 Hz to 40 kHz, with crossover frequencies of 350 Hz, 3 kHz and 13 kHz. The drive units consisted of a 30 by 21 cm (11.8 by 8.3 in) styrene/fibreglass woofer, 13 cm (5.1 in) engineered polymer midrange, 4.5 cm (1.8 in) ferro-fluid damped tweeter, and 2 cm (0.79 in) ferro-fluid damped chemical-dome high ...