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[11] [12] Polish soldiers are credited with contributing to the establishment of the world's first free black republic and the first independent Caribbean state. After Haiti gained its independence, Dessalines recognized the Poles and spared them when he ordered the massacre of most French whites and many free blacks (mulattos) on the island.
First head of state of Haiti Jean-Jacques Dessalines called the Poles the white Negroes of Europe, [1] [2] in an expression of respect and empathy for the situation of the Poles. The 1805 Haitian constitution granted the Poles Haitian citizenship. [3] A Polish community lives in Haiti to this day with their main center in Casale.
Those without a right to Polish citizenship were considered to have only "Polish origins" but not citizenship. [5] Thus, not all ethnic Poles could claim Polish citizenship if they had left Poland before the country became an independent state in 1918. Also, there can be no break in Polish citizenship between the emigrant ancestor and the ...
People born to foreigners on Haitian soil are not automatically Haitian citizens due to the jus sanguinis (from Latin 'right of blood') principle of nationality law. [26] In addition to those of French descent, other White Haitians are of German, Polish, Italian, Spanish, Lebanese, Syrian, English, Dutch, Irish and American descent.
The Republic of Haiti is located on western portion of the island Hispaniola in the Caribbean. Haiti declared its independence from France in the aftermath of the first successful slave revolution in the Americas in 1804, and their identification as conquerors of a racially repressed society is a theme echoed throughout Haiti's history.
Haiti's population is mostly of African descent (5% are of mixed African and other ancestry), [37] though people of many different ethnic and national backgrounds have settled and impacted the country, such as Poles [38] [39] (from Napoleon's Polish legions), Jews, [40] Arabs [41] (from the Arab diaspora), Chinese, [42] Indians, [43] [44 ...
There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world [1] and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration .
Visa requirements for Polish citizens are public health and administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Poland. As of 2025, Polish citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 188 countries and territories, ranking the Polish passport 7th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index. [1]