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The x must be lowercase in XML documents. The nnnn or hhhh may be any number of digits and may include leading zeros. The hhhh may mix uppercase and lowercase, though uppercase is the usual style. In contrast, a character entity reference refers to a character by the name of an entity which has the desired character as its replacement text.
Sigma (/ ˈ s ɪ ɡ m ə / SIG-mə; [1] uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; Ancient Greek: σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation.
Small caps, petite caps and italic used for emphasis True small caps (top), compared with scaled small caps (bottom), generated by OpenOffice.org Writer. In typography, small caps (short for small capitals) are characters typeset with glyphs that resemble uppercase letters but reduced in height and weight close to the surrounding lowercase letters or text figures. [1]
These characters allow any polynomial, chemical and certain other equations to be represented in plain text without using any form of markup like HTML or TeX. The World Wide Web Consortium and the Unicode Consortium have made recommendations on the choice between using markup and using superscript and subscript characters:
Uppercase and lowercase Greek letter sigma, from the times.ttf font included with standard XOrg X Windows installations. Intended to replace Image:Sigma.png . Category:Greek letters
uppercase letters small caps: ʙ ɢ ʛ ʜ ɪ ʟ 𝼄 ɴ ɶ ʀ ʏ: often mistaken by typing, uppercase alternatives to symbols shaped like small capitals ꞯ small capital q: pharyngeal stop: ʡ: proposed for the pharyngeal stop of Formosan languages, ExtIPA for same purpose. ꞯ small capital q: sokuon: used by Japanologists. Q: capital Q ...
Alternating caps are typically used to display mockery in text messages. [1]The randomized capitalization leads to the flow of words being broken, making it harder for the text to be read as it disrupts word identification even when the size of the letters is the same as in uppercase or lowercase.
Unlike rotating text 180 degrees, the number of sideways characters falls far short of what would be needed for most purposes, and because text is rendered horizontally, it would be very difficult to render beyond one line of vertical text in a well-aligned manner without columns, especially in proportional fonts (furthermore, each character ...