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Ephedra sinica (also known as Chinese ephedra or Ma Huang) is a species of Ephedra native to Mongolia, Russia (Buryatiya, Chita, Primorye), and northeastern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi).
Fossil cones of Ephedra were found concentrated in the cemetery area, specifically within a human burial. [21] The Ephedra alkaloids, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine – constituents of E. sinica and other members of the genus – have sympathomimetic and decongestant qualities, [22] and have been used as dietary supplements, mainly for weight ...
Ephedra is widely used by athletes as a performance-enhancing drug, [13] despite a lack of evidence that it improves athletic performance. [14] [15] Ephedra may also be used as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine. [16] Ephedra has been used as a weight-loss aid, sometimes in combination with aspirin and caffeine.
Members of the family typically grow as shrubs and have small, linear leaves that possess parallel veins. The fossil Ephedraceae genera show a range of morphologies transitional between the ancestral lax male and female reproductive structures and the highly compact reproductive structures typical of modern Ephedra .
[41] [20] [42] [43] L-ephedrine, and particularly its stereoisomer norpseudoephedrine (which is also present in Catha edulis) has indirect sympathomimetic effects and due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, it is a CNS stimulant similar to amphetamines, but less pronounced, as it releases norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain ...
Ephedra sinica. Ephedra: Cocaine. Erythroxylum coca. Coca. Widely used illegal stimulant, produces hallucination in overdose, native to South America. [citation needed] Unknown Fittonia albivenis. Nerve or mosaic plant, said to produce vision of eyeballs Himbacine. Galbulimima belgraveana
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Ephedra may refer to: Ephedra (medicine), a medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica; Ephedra, genus of gymnosperm shrubs; See also. Ephedrine This ...