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Hewitson, Mark. "Germany and France before the First World War: a reassessment of Wilhelmine foreign policy." English Historical Review 115.462 (2000): 570-606; argues Germany had a growing sense of military superiority. online; Hewitson, Mark. Germany and the Causes of the First World War (2004) pp 1–20 on historians. Horne, John, ed.
A diagram of the fortifications surrounding the city. The Battle of Liège was the first battle of the war, and could be considered a moral victory for the allies, as the heavily outnumbered Belgians held out against the German Army for 12 days. From 5 to 16 August 1914, the Belgians successfully resisted the numerically superior Germans, and ...
Burchardt, Lothar. "The Impact of the War Economy on the Civilian Population of Germany during the First and the Second World Wars," in The German Military in the Age of Total War, edited by Wilhelm Deist, 40–70. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1985. Chickering, Roger. Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918 (1998), wide-ranging survey
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
[23] [24] [25] The events of the February Revolution in March [O.S. February] 1917, caused by food shortages in Russian cities, [26] began a decline in discipline among the troops. [27] [28] After the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II, the Russian Provisional Government chose to continue the war to fulfill its obligations to the Entente. [29]
Germany besieges and captures fortified Longwy, "the Iron Gate to Paris", near the Luxembourg border, opening France to mass German invasion. August 3 Politics: Germany declares war on France. [14] Belgium denies permission for German forces to pass through to the French border. [15] [16] Politics
After the war at the Treaty of Versailles, Austria-Hungary was broken up into two separate countries, and much of the German landscape was given away to France, Poland, and others. This angered Germany and set up tensions for another war of the worlds. [11]
The question of German war guilt (German: Kriegsschuldfrage) took place in the context of the German defeat by the Allied Powers in World War I, during and after the treaties that established the peace, and continuing on throughout the fifteen-year life of the Weimar Republic in Germany from 1919 to 1933, and beyond.