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  2. Physical vapor deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition

    PVD process flow diagram. Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from ...

  3. Electron-beam physical vapor deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-beam_physical...

    The PVD process can be carried out at lower deposition temperatures and without corrosive products, but deposition rates are typically lower. Electron-beam physical vapor deposition, however, yields a high deposition rate from 0.1 to 100 μm/min at relatively low substrate temperatures, with very high material utilization efficiency. The ...

  4. Sputter deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputter_deposition

    Sputter deposition is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method of thin film deposition by the phenomenon of sputtering. This involves ejecting material from a "target" that is a source onto a "substrate" such as a silicon wafer. Resputtering is re-emission of the deposited material during the deposition process by ion or atom bombardment. [1] [2]

  5. Vacuum deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_deposition

    [1] Vacuum deposition is a group of processes used to deposit layers of material atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule on a solid surface. These processes operate at pressures well below atmospheric pressure (i.e., vacuum). The deposited layers can range from a thickness of one atom up to millimeters, forming freestanding structures.

  6. Chromate conversion coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromate_conversion_coating

    For aluminum, the chromate conversion bath can be simply a solution of chromic acid. The process is rapid (1–5 min), requires a single ambient temperature process tank and associated rinse, and is relatively trouble free. [2] As of 1995, Henkel's Alodine 1200s commercial formula for aluminum consisted of 50-60% chromic anhydride CrO

  7. Conversion coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_coating

    A conversion coating is a chemical or electro-chemical treatment applied to manufactured parts that superficially converts the material into a thin adhering coating of an insoluble compound. These coatings are commonly applied to protect the part against corrosion , to improve the adherence of other coatings, for lubrication , or for aesthetic ...

  8. Parylene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parylene

    The standard Gorham process [5] is shown above for parylene AF-4. The octafluoro[2.2] para -cyclophane precursor dimer can be sublimed below <100 °C and cracked at 700–750 °C, higher than the temperature (680 °C) used to crack the unsubstituted cyclophane since the −CF 2 −CF 2 − bond is stronger than the −CH 2 −CH 2 − bond.

  9. Cathodic arc deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_arc_deposition

    Cathodic arc deposition or Arc-PVD is a physical vapor deposition technique in which an electric arc is used to vaporize material from a cathode target. The vaporized material then condenses on a substrate, forming a thin film. The technique can be used to deposit metallic, ceramic, and composite films.

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