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The structure of the French judiciary is divided into three tiers: Inferior courts of original and general jurisdiction; Intermediate appellate courts which hear cases on appeal from lower courts; Courts of last resort which hear appeals from lower appellate courts on the interpretation of law. There are exceptions to this scheme, as noted below.
Organization of the French judiciary for criminal matters. There are two categories of criminal jurisdiction: investigation ( French : instruction ) and judgement ( jugement ). This distinction is echoed by the French code of criminal procedure ( Code de procédure pénale ), which nevertheless does not define how to distinguish the one from ...
If the appeal is admissible at the cour de cassation, that court does not re-judge the facts of the matter a third time, but may investigate and verify whether the rules of law were properly applied by the lower courts. French territories currently contain 36 courts of appeals, six of which are overseas, and a tribunal supérieur d'appel on ...
In French criminal law, the investigation phase (instruction) in a criminal proceeding is the procedure during which an investigating judge (juge d'instruction) gathers evidence on the commission of an offense and decides whether to refer the persons charged to the trial court. The investigating judge is the first instance of investigation.
These ordinary courts mainly deals with civil and criminal cases, and are composed of judges called 'magistrates (French: Magistrat)' educated from French National School for the Judiciary, while judges composing administrative court and constitutional court are usually not trained in French National School for the Judiciary.
in modern law cour d'assises exists only in the French judiciary and other civil law jurisdictions, i.e. Corte d'Assise Italian Cour d'assises; Belgian Cour d'assises; it may also refer to obsolete courts in a number of common law jurisdictions, for example: Assizes; Assizes (Ireland) or royal writs, for example: Assize of Clarendon; Assize of ...
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.
In French law, judges cannot create legal norms, because of the principle known as "la prohibition des arrêts de règlement" of Article 5 of the French civil code: "Judges are forbidden from pronouncing in a generally dispositive and regulatory fashion on the matters submitted to them." They can only put into evidence and interpret existing norms.