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It mentions 8 purifications , criticising the Hatha Yoga Pradipika for only describing 6 of these. [3] It is one of the earliest texts (the other being the unpublished Yogacintāmaṇi) actually to name 84 asanas, [4] earlier manuscripts having simply claimed that 84 [a] or 8,400,000 asanas existed. [6]
Hatha yoga (/ ˈ h ʌ t ə, ˈ h ɑː t ə /; IAST: Haṭha-yoga) [2] is a branch of yoga that uses physical techniques to try to preserve and channel vital force or energy. The Sanskrit word हठ haṭha literally means "force", alluding to a system of physical techniques.
The two additional purifications in the Hatha Ratnavali are: Cakri, the dilation of the anus, using a finger moved about in the rectum. [1] Gajakarani (present but described differently in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika), holding sweetened water and the breath in the oesophagus, followed by expulsion of its contents. [1]
The Hatha Ratnavali by Srinivasa (17th century) [33] [34] is one of the few texts to attempt an actual listing of 84 asanas, [e] although 4 out of its list cannot be translated from the Sanskrit, and at least 11 [f] are merely mentioned without any description, their appearance known from other texts.
An asana (Sanskrit: आसन, IAST: āsana) is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga. [1] The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation , asanas may be standing , seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends ...
The Hatha Yoga Pradipika is the hatha yoga text that has historically been studied within yoga teacher training programmes, alongside texts on classical yoga such as Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. [7] In the twenty-first century, research on the history of yoga has led to a more developed understanding of hatha yoga's origins.
The Yogatārāvalī ("A String of Stars on Yoga" [1]) is a short yoga text of 29 verses from the 13th or 14th century, covering both haṭha yoga and rāja yoga (the yoga of Patanjali).
The 84 asanas described and illustrated in the 1830 document include some that are widely practised in modern yoga, but its selection differs markedly from that in other hatha yoga texts such as the Hatha Ratnavali.