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Darwin's symbols for the tidal harmonic constituents are still used, for example: M: moon/lunar; S: sun/solar; K: moon-sun/lunisolar. Darwin's harmonic developments of the tide-generating forces were later improved when A.T. Doodson , applying the lunar theory of E.W. Brown , [ 45 ] developed the tide-generating potential (TGP) in harmonic form ...
Variations with periods of less than half a day are called harmonic constituents. Conversely, cycles of days, months, or years are referred to as long period constituents. Tidal forces affect the entire earth, but the movement of solid Earth occurs by mere centimeters. In contrast, the atmosphere is much more fluid and compressible so its ...
Using a simple harmonic fitting algorithm with a moving time window of 25 hours, the water level amplitude of different tidal constituents can be found. For 2011, this has been done for the M 2 {\displaystyle M_{2}} , M 4 {\displaystyle M_{4}} and M 6 {\displaystyle M_{6}} constituents.
The largest body tide constituents are semi-diurnal, but there are also significant diurnal, semi-annual, and fortnightly contributions. Though the gravitational force causing earth tides and ocean tides is the same, the responses are quite different.
These overtides are multiples, sums or differences of the astronomical tidal constituents and as a result the tidal wave can become asymmetric. [18] A tidal asymmetry is a difference between the duration of the rise and the fall of the tidal water elevation and this can manifest itself as a difference in flood/ebb tidal currents. [19]
Arthur Thomas Doodson (31 March 1890 – 10 January 1968) was a British mathematician and oceanographer, who worked on tidal analysis at Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute from 1919-1960. Profoundly deaf, he could not become a teacher and started as meter tester before he obtained his M.Sc.degree at the University of Liverpool , advised ...
The tidal range (the peak-to-peak amplitude, or the height difference between high tide and low tide) for that harmonic constituent increases with distance from this point, though not uniformly. As such, the concept of amphidromic points is crucial to understanding tidal behaviour. [3]
The first tide predicting machine (TPM) was built in 1872 by the Légé Engineering Company. [11] A model of it was exhibited at the British Association meeting in 1873 [12] (for computing 8 tidal components), followed in 1875-76 by a machine on a slightly larger scale (for computing 10 tidal components), was designed by Sir William Thomson (who later became Lord Kelvin). [13]