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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (/ ˌ f aɪ b r oʊ d ɪ ˈ s p l eɪ ʒ (i) ə ɒ ˈ s ɪ f ɪ k æ n z p r ə ˈ ɡ r ɛ s ɪ v ə /; [1] abbr. FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease or formerly myositis ossificans progressiva, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue (ossification).
Alfred Blaschko, a private practice dermatologist from Berlin, first described and drew the patterns of the lines of Blaschko in 1901. He obtained his data by studying over 140 patients with various nevoid and acquired skin diseases and transposed the visible patterns the diseases followed onto dolls and statues, then compiled the patterns onto a composite schematic of the human body.
Individuals may have more or fewer bones than the average (even accounting for developmental stage) owing to anatomical variations. The most common variations include sutural (wormian) bones , which are located along the sutural lines on the back of the skull, and sesamoid bones which develop within some tendons, mainly in the hands and feet.
Leontiasis ossea, also known as leontiasis, lion face or lion face syndrome, is a rare medical condition, characterized by an overgrowth of the facial and cranial bones. It is not a disease in itself, but a symptom of other diseases, including Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. [citation needed]
Michael J. Fox says he has broken several bones in the past few years, one of the indirect effects of his Parkinson's disease.
3-M syndrome or 3M3 is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by severe growth retardation, facial dysmorphia, and skeletal abnormalities. [1] The name 3-M is derived from the initials of the three researchers who first identified it: Miller, McKusick, and Malvaux and report their findings in the medical literature in 1972. [2]
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), also known as Fairbank's disease, is a rare genetic disorder (dominant form: 1 in 10,000 births) that affects the growing ends of bones. Long bones normally elongate by expansion of cartilage in the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) near their ends.
Phocomelia is a congenital condition that involves malformations of human arms and legs which result in a flipper-like appendage. [1] [2] A prominent cause of phocomelia is the mother being prescribed the use of the drug thalidomide during pregnancy; however, the causes of most cases are to be determined.