Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2] It is the key structure in macroautophagy , the intracellular degradation system for cytoplasmic contents (e.g., abnormal intracellular proteins , excess or damaged organelles , invading microorganisms).
The completed autophagosome then fuses with a lysosome through the actions of multiple proteins, including SNAREs [72] [73] and UVRAG. [74] Following the fusion LC3 is retained on the vesicle's inner side and degraded along with the cargo, while the LC3 molecules attached to the outer side are cleaved off by Atg4 and recycled. [75]
Omegasomes act as progenitors of autophagosome formation during the autophagy pathway. [14] There are various autophagosome mediators involved in autophagy, however it is the omegasome regulation of the pathway that provides a smooth transition of autophagosome formation, and enrichment of nutrients in the cells.
MAP1LC3B is a member of the highly conserved ATG8 protein family. ATG8 proteins are present in all known eukaryotic organisms. The animal ATG8 family comprises three subfamilies: (i) microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3); (ii) Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE-16); and (iii) γ-amino-butyric acid receptor-associate protein ().
The autophagosome also fuses with lysosomes to degrade its contents. When M. tuberculosis inhibit phagosome acidification, Interferon gamma can induce autophagy and rescue the maturation process. [30]
Autophagy related 16 like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG16L1 gene. [5] This protein is characterized as a subunit of the autophagy-related ATG12-ATG5/ATG16 complex and is essentially important for the LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation.
ATG7's role in both of these autophagy-specific UBL systems makes it an essential regulator of autophagosome assembly. [ 11 ] Homologous to the ATP-binding and catalytic sites of E1 activator proteins, ATG7 uses its cysteine residue to create a thiol-ester bond with free Ubiquitin molecules.
22241 Ensembl ENSG00000177169 ENSMUSG00000029512 UniProt O75385 O70405 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003565 NM_009469 NM_001347394 RefSeq (protein) NP_003556 NP_001334323 NP_033495 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 131.89 – 131.92 Mb Chr 5: 110.93 – 110.96 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ULK1 gene. Unc-51 ...