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An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2] It is the key structure in macroautophagy , the intracellular degradation system for cytoplasmic contents (e.g., abnormal intracellular proteins , excess or damaged organelles , invading microorganisms).
Autophagy was first observed by Keith R. Porter and his student Thomas Ashford at the Rockefeller Institute.In January 1962 they reported an increased number of lysosomes in rat liver cells after the addition of glucagon, and that some displaced lysosomes towards the centre of the cell contained other cell organelles such as mitochondria.
MAP1LC3B is a member of the highly conserved ATG8 protein family. ATG8 proteins are present in all known eukaryotic organisms. The animal ATG8 family comprises three subfamilies: (i) microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3); (ii) Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE-16); and (iii) γ-amino-butyric acid receptor-associate protein ().
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) refers to the chaperone-dependent selection of soluble cytosolic proteins that are then targeted to lysosomes and directly translocated across the lysosome membrane for degradation.
What we eat and how we live impact our gene expression and cellular biology, determining our outcomes. Food chemicals go into your body and act as signaling molecules. They can directly increase ...
The exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease has long evaded scientists, but experts typically suggest there are likely several factors (like genetics, environment, and lifestyle) that contribute to ...
In cell biology, a phagosome is a vesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte via phagocytosis. Professional phagocytes include macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs). [1] A phagosome is formed by the fusion of the cell membrane around a microorganism, a senescent cell or an apoptotic cell.
"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links." Sugar-sweetened beverages may increase your risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes, new research ...