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This rare, potentially life-threatening syndrome is typically caused by an angle of 6–25° between the AA and the SMA, in comparison to the normal range of 38–56°, due to a lack of retroperitoneal and visceral fat (mesenteric fat). In addition, the aortomesenteric distance is 2–8 millimeters, as opposed to the typical 10–20. [1]
the third part of the duodenum, a segment of the small intestines (can be compressed by the SMA at this location, leading to superior mesenteric artery syndrome). uncinate process of pancreas - this is a small part of the pancreas that hooks around the SMA. The SMA typically runs to the left of its associated vein, the superior mesenteric vein ...
Gastrin levels increase due to tumors, which cause an increase in the gastric fold size. [7] Ménétrier's disease The mucosa pits are in excess causing thickening of the folds. [7] Carcinoma Helicobacter pylori infection Causes inflammation of the folds. Gastric syphilis [8] Cytomegalovirus Mucosa change shape causing rugae enlargement. [9 ...
Schematic image of the blood supply to the human stomach: left and right gastric artery, left and right gastroepiploic artery and short gastric arteries [15] The lesser curvature of the human stomach is supplied by the right gastric artery inferiorly and the left gastric artery superiorly, which also supplies the cardiac region.
[1] [2] The name derives from the fact that, in the sagittal plane and/or transverse plane, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein). There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which frequently results in delayed or incorrect diagnosis ...
The periaortic lymph node group is divided into three subgroups: preaortic, paraaortic, and retroaortic: The preaortic group drains the gastrointestinal viscera. They can be subdivided into three groups: the celiac nodes, the superior mesenteric nodes, and the inferior mesenteric nodes.
[4] [5] This may cause abdominal pain. [5] The celiac artery is vulnerable to compression from the crus of the diaphragm during ventilation where it originates from the abdominal aorta. [1] This is known as median arcuate ligament syndrome. [6] This may present no symptoms, but can cause pain due to restricted blood flow to the superior ...
Gastric glands are mostly exocrine glands [2] and are all located beneath the gastric pits within the gastric mucosa. [3] The gastric mucosa is pitted with innumerable gastric pits which each house 3-5 gastric glands. [4] The cells of the exocrine glands (oxyntic glands) are mucous neck cells, chief cells, and parietal cells. [4]