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Repeated administration of a medication is also different from single dosing, as many drugs have active metabolites that can build up in the body. [6] Patient variables such as sex, age, and organ function may also influence the effect of the drug on the system. These variables are rarely included in equianalgesic charts. [7] [3] [8]
Lorazepam is preferred to other benzodiazepines and zolpidem due to its longer duration of action. [4] An initial therapeutic effect typically occurs within 10–30 minutes of IV administration lorazepam at doses between 2–4 mg. [5] [4] Higher doses may be used in patients who are unresponsive, to minimise the chance of a false negative ...
A similar lorazepam dose given intravenously will result in an earlier and higher peak serum level, with a higher relative proportion of unmetabolised (active) lorazepam. [106] On regular administration, maximum serum levels are attained after three days. Longer-term use, up to six months, does not result in further accumulation. [98]
The Tubex system was widely used after World War II and expanded as a system of distributing and administration a large variety of drugs from antibiotics to vaccines in a pre-filled glass cartridge syringe with attached sterile needle. It aided in a standardization of an immediate use sterile dosage forms.
The carpuject is a syringe device for the administration of injectable fluid medication. It was patented by the Sterling Drug Company , which became the Sterling Winthrop , after World War II. It is designed with a luer-lock device to accept a sterile hypodermic needle or to be linked directly to intravenous tubing line.
Oral administration of a liquid. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration ...
The other group comprises those that are metabolized through glucuronidation, such as lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam, and, in general, have few drug interactions. [ 88 ] Many drugs, including oral contraceptives , some antibiotics , antidepressants , and antifungal agents, inhibit cytochrome enzymes in the liver.
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