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California's gasoline carbon intensity is 95.86 blended with 10% ethanol. [19] [108] (4) Assuming direct land use change. [21] (5) If diesel-powered vehicles are included and due to ethanol's lower energy content by volume, bioethanol represented 16.9% of the road sector energy consumption in 2007. [119]
In 2010, the United States imported about 4.3 billion barrels (680,000,000 m 3) of crude oil.Add to this about 2.01 billion barrels (320,000,000 m 3) produced in the United States, and the total consumption in the United States is 6.3 billion barrels (1.00 × 10 9 m 3) of crude for 2010.
In the US, Honda does not offer any E85 powered flexfuel vehicles in 2009. [16] GM has stated a commitment to dedicate 50% of its production to Flex-Fuel E85 capable vehicles by the 2012 model year. [17] Also by 2012 all products of British luxury car-maker Bentley Motors will be Flex-Fuel using a patented fuel-system and an in-line fuel sensor.
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[4] [5] Ethanol-blended fuel is widely used in Brazil, the United States, Canada, and Europe (see also Ethanol fuel by country). [2] Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 15% ethanol, [6] and ethanol represented 10% of the U.S. gasoline fuel supply derived from domestic sources in 2011. [2]
The country produces a total of 18 billion litres (4.8 billion gallons) annually, of which 3.5 billion liters are exported, 2 billion of them to the U.S. [15] Alcohol cars debuted in the Brazilian market in 1979 and became quite popular because of a heavy subsidy, but in the 1980s prices rose and gasoline regained the leading market share.
The Truck and Bus Rule is considered by the Air Resources Board and other organizations such as the Union of Concerned Scientists and the Environmental Defense Fund as a win-win for the State of California: reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, reducing fuel use, providing fuel and operating cost-savings for truck owners, and reducing smog-forming pollution, in addition to providing human ...
The BEST project targets included the introduction of more than 10,000 flex-fuel or ethanol cars and 160 ethanol buses; to promote the opening of 135 E85 and 13 ED95 public fuel stations; and to promote the development and testing of hydrous E15 and anhydrous low ethanol blends with gasoline and diesel. [2] [3]