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The head of the Derg, Mengistu Haile Mariam (in office 1977–1991), who fled to Zimbabwe, and other 22 Derg members were sentenced in absentia to life imprisonment on 11 January 2007. On the whole, the Derg was accused of human rights violations, including genocide, crimes against humanity, torture, rape and forced disappearances. The Special ...
The Derg (or Dergue; Amharic: ደርግ, lit. ' committee ' or ' council '), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), [4] [5] was the Ethiopian state that existed from 1974 to 1987 military dictatorship which then including present-day Eritrea, when the military junta formally "civilianized" the administration but stayed in power until 1991.
Mengistu Haile Mariam (Amharic: መንግሥቱ ኀይለ ማርያም, pronunciation: [mənɡɨstu haɪlə marjam]; born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian former politician, revolutionary and former military officer who was the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991 and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia from 1984 to 1991.
The Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) was founded that same year as a vanguard party led by Derg chairman Mengistu Haile Mariam. The Derg was dissolved with the proclamation of the PDRE, but continued to rule de facto until September when the new government took office, three months after the June general election.
Mengistu returned within 24 hours and nine generals, including the then-current Air Force commander and the Army Chief of Staff, died as the coup was crushed. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] After being captured, Major General Fanta Belay was killed while trying to escape. 12 more high-ranking military officers were executed in 1990 for their role in the coup attempt.
In September 1987, Mengistu Haile Mariam declared Ethiopia as the Ethiopian People's Democratic Republic, and the Derg transformed into the Ethiopian Workers Party (EWP). After a failed coup against Mengistu in 1989, socialism was abandoned in 1990 following the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. Mengistu's government faced challenges ...
In early February 1990, EPLF successful controlled Massawa, de-linking the road of Mengistu's army in Asmara and central Eritrea. In early 1990, Mengistu provided emigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel. The Israeli lobbying campaign peaked on behalf of Mengistu with the February's visit to Israeli foreign minister official to Washington.
On 17 February 1992, the Ethiopian Radio announced the discovery of the remains of the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie beneath his office in National Palace by workmen. The discovery happened nearly one year after the former military government Derg collapsed in 1991, and under the interim government led by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).