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Hungary, the name in English for the European country, is an exonym derived from the Medieval Latin Hungaria. ... There are many hypotheses on the origin of this name.
The name Hungary derives from the designation Οὔγγροι for the Magyars, first recorded in Byzantine sources of the 9th century (in the 10th century as Latin Ungarii). During the Middle Ages, Byzantine sources also referred to the Magyar state as Tourkia (Greek: Τουρκία). [46]
Hungary's achievements in science and technology have been significant, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. Hungary spent 1.61% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on civil research and development in 2020, which is the 25th highest ratio in the world. [174]
The Magyar or Hungarian tribes (/ ˈ m æ ɡ j ɑːr / MAG-yar, Hungarian: magyar törzsek) or Hungarian clans were the fundamental political units within whose framework the Hungarians (Magyars) lived, before the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the subsequent establishment of the Principality of Hungary.
The obscure name kerel or keral, found in the 13th-century work The Secret History of the Mongols, possibly referred to Hungarians and derived from the Hungarian title király 'king'. [ 37 ] The historical Latin phrase " Natio Hungarica " ("Hungarian nation") had a wider and political meaning because it once referred to all nobles of the ...
Hungarian names include surnames and given names. Some people have more than one given name, but only one is normally used. In the Hungarian language, whether written or spoken, names are invariably given in the "Eastern name order", with the family name followed by the given name (in foreign-language texts in languages that use Western name order, names are often given with the family name last).
Around 800, northeastern Hungary became part of the Slavic Principality of Nitra, which then became part of Great Moravia in 833. Also, after 800, southeastern Hungary was conquered by Bulgaria. Western Hungary (Pannonia) was a tributary to the Franks. In 839 the Slavic Balaton Principality was founded in southwestern Hungary (under Frank ...
The migration of ancient Hungarians from Magna Hungaria to central Europe Magna Hungaria depicted on the Johannes Schöner's terrestrial globe (1523/24). Magna Hungaria (Latin: Magna Hungaria, Hungaria maior), literally "Great Hungary" or "Ancient Hungary", refers to the ancestral home of the Hungarians, whose identification is still subject to historiographical debate.