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The opposite of a utopia is a dystopia. Utopian and dystopian fiction has become a popular literary category. Despite being common parlance for something imaginary, utopianism inspired and was inspired by some reality-based fields and concepts such as architecture, file sharing, social networks, universal basic income, communes, open borders and even pirate bases.
The term gained widespread usage following the publication of Thomas More's 1516 book Utopia. [2] Building upon the work of sociologist Ruth Levitas, [1] social psychologists have tested the functions of utopian thinking among people. [2] [3] Utopia is fundamentally a cultural and psychological concept, existing solely as symbols within people ...
Utopian and dystopian fiction are subgenres of speculative fiction that explore social and political structures. Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author's ethos, having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers.
A Modern Utopia (1905) by H. G. Wells – An imaginary, progressive utopia on a planetary scale in which the social and technological environment are in continuous improvement, a world state owns all land and power sources, positive compulsion and physical labor have been all but eliminated, general freedom is assured, and an open, voluntary ...
In Bellamy's utopia, property was held in common and money replaced with a system of equal credit for all. Valid for a year and non-transferable between individuals, credit expenditure was to be tracked via "credit-cards" (which bear no resemblance to modern credit cards which are tools of debt-finance).
The ideal town was seen as a utopia to be achieved by disregarding the reasonably regular planimetrics of real, historic towns for standards – geometric, aesthetic or otherwise – of ideal perfection. Therefore the debate about ideal towns has become isolated from the debate about real, historic towns.
Ideology and Utopia (German: Ideologie und Utopia) is a 1929 book written by Karl Mannheim. [20] One of his main ideas regarding utopias is what he considers the "utopian mentality", which Mannheim describes in four ideal types: orgiastic chiliasm; liberal humanist utopias; the conservative idea; modern communism
The relationship between utopia and dystopia is in actuality, not one of simple opposition, as many dystopias claim to be utopias and vice versa. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Dystopias are often characterized by fear or distress, [ 3 ] tyrannical governments, environmental disaster , [ 4 ] or other characteristics associated with a cataclysmic decline in ...