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Research and development (R&D or R+D) [1], known in some countries as experiment and design, is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products. [2] [3] [4] R&D constitutes the first stage of development of a potential new service or the production process.
Few dedicated management models for R&D exist. Among the more popularized ones are Arthur D. Little's Third generation R&D management, [5] the Development funnel, [6] the Phase–gate model All these models are concerned with improving R&D performance and result productivity, managing R&D as a process, and providing the R&D function with an environment in which the inherent technological and ...
The format of a business plan depends on its presentation context. It is common for businesses, especially start-ups, to have three or four formats for the same business plan. An "elevator pitch" is a short summary of the plan's executive summary. This is often used as a teaser to awaken the interest of potential investors, customers, or ...
R&D projects also use the same resources as commercial development and will always compete for them. Every organization has different expectations for R&D projects due to its high possibility of failure. Example: 3D Television An example of an R&D project would be a Television company attempting to develop a new, 3D viewing system for consumers.
PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative design and management method used in business for the control and continual improvement of processes and products. Planning in organizations and public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of ...
The EPC contractor coordinates all design, procurement and construction work and ensures that the whole project is completed as required and in time. They may or may not undertake actual site work. EPC companies are often used in large-scale projects, such as power plants, refineries, chemical processing facilities, infrastructure projects, and ...
In many industries, such as engineering and construction, the development and maintenance of the project schedule is the responsibility of a full-time scheduler or team of schedulers, depending on the size and the scope of the project. The techniques of scheduling are well developed [1] but inconsistently applied throughout industry.
A request for information (RFI) is a common business process whose purpose is to collect written information about the capabilities of various suppliers. [1] Normally it follows a format that can be used for comparative purposes. An RFI is primarily used to gather information to help make a decision on what steps to take next.
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