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The Knowledge of variation involves understanding that everything measured consists of both "normal" variation due to the flexibility of the system and of "special causes" that create defects. Quality involves recognizing the difference to eliminate "special causes" while controlling normal variation.
Variation inherently unpredictable, even probabilistically; Variation outside the historical experience base; and; Evidence of some inherent change in the system or our knowledge of it. Special-cause variation always arrives as a surprise. It is the signal within a system. Walter A. Shewhart originally used the term assignable cause. [3]
Predating Deming's final work, The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education, it is the first published work to reference Deming's System of Profound Knowledge. In 2001, Neave received the American Society for Quality's Deming Medal. [7]
Most processes have many sources of variation; most of them are minor and may be ignored. If the dominant assignable sources of variation are detected, potentially they can be identified and removed. When they are removed, the process is said to be 'stable'. When a process is stable, its variation should remain within a known set of limits.
Dr. Deming's philosophy is that management should be analytic instead of enumerative. In other words, management should focus on improvement of processes for the future instead of on judgment of current results. "Use of data requires knowledge about the different sources of uncertainty. Measurement is a process.
In statistics, Deming regression, named after W. Edwards Deming, is an errors-in-variables model that tries to find the line of best fit for a two-dimensional data set. It differs from the simple linear regression in that it accounts for errors in observations on both the x - and the y - axis.
Walter Andrew Shewhart (pronounced like "shoe-heart"; March 18, 1891 – March 11, 1967) was an American physicist, engineer and statistician. He is sometimes also known as the grandfather of statistical quality control and also related to the Shewhart cycle.
Praised by Dr. W. Edwards Deming (the business guru of the 1980s American quality movement), [1] it made clear the concept that quality does not suddenly plummet when, for instance, a machinist exceeds a rigid blueprint tolerance. Instead 'loss' in value progressively increases as variation increases from the intended condition.