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Lithium toxicity, also known as lithium overdose, is the condition of having too much lithium. Symptoms may include a tremor, increased reflexes, trouble walking, kidney problems, and an altered level of consciousness. Some symptoms may last for a year after levels return to normal. Complications may include serotonin syndrome. [1]
Lithium's therapeutic effects are thought to be partially attributable to its interactions with several signal transduction mechanisms. [123] The cyclic AMP secondary messenger system is shown to be modulated by lithium. Lithium was found to increase the basal levels of cyclic AMP but impair receptor-coupled stimulation of cyclic AMP production ...
Protracted withdrawal syndrome, also known as post-acute-withdrawal syndrome or "PAWS", is a low-grade continuation of some of the symptoms of acute withdrawal, typically in a remitting-relapsing pattern, often resulting in relapse and prolonged disability of a degree to preclude the possibility of lawful employment. Protracted withdrawal ...
Lithium has been used to augment antidepressant therapy in those who have failed to respond to antidepressants alone. [89] Furthermore, lithium dramatically decreases the suicide risk in recurrent depression. [90] According to the results of the STAR-D experiment, the remission rate of lithium for treatment-resistant depression is about 15.9%. [91]
Drug detoxification (informally, detox) is variously construed or interpreted as a type of "medical" intervention or technique in regards to a physical dependence mediated by a drug; as well as the process and experience of a withdrawal syndrome or any of the treatments for acute drug overdose (toxidrome).
Drug withdrawal, drug withdrawal syndrome, or substance withdrawal syndrome [1] is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs. In order for the symptoms of withdrawal to occur, one must have first developed a form of drug dependence.
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Venlafaxine has also been implicated to create withdrawal symptoms regardless of dosage. [15] Venlafaxine has been implicated in causing the most severe withdrawal symptoms after cessation of use, possibly due to its short half-life. [16] To simplify identifying the principal signs and symptoms, the mnemonic FINISH may be used: Flu-like ...