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  2. Biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm

    Biofilm is characterised by heterogenous environment and the presence of a variety of subpopulations. A biofilm structure is composed of metabolically active (both resistant and tolerant) and non-active cells (viable but not culturable cells and persisters) as well as polymer matrix consisting of polysaccharide, extracellular DNA and proteins.

  3. Extracellular polymeric substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_polymeric...

    Replication of early colonizers will be facilitated by the presence of organic molecules in the matrix which will provide nutrients to the algal cells. As the colonizers are reproducing, the biofilm grows and becomes a 3-dimensional structure. [56] Microalgal biofilms consist of 90% EPS and 10% algal cells.

  4. Intertidal biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_biofilm

    The EPS produced by microalgae also enhance biofilm growth and help other members of the biofilm with adhesion and migration. [17] EPS are mostly composed of polysaccharides, but may also include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and low-molecular-weight, non-carbohydrate compounds. [16]

  5. Phototrophic biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototrophic_biofilm

    In general, phototrophic organisms in the biofilm provide a foundation for the growth of the community as a whole by mediating biofilm processes and conversions. The chemoheterotrophs use the photosynthetic waste products from the phototrophs as their carbon and nitrogen sources, and in turn perform nutrient regeneration for the community.

  6. Microbial mat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat

    A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet or biofilm of microbial colonies, composed of mainly bacteria and/or archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces , but a few survive in deserts. [ 1 ]

  7. Biological carbon fixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_carbon_fixation

    Cyanobacteria such as these carry out photosynthesis.Their emergence foreshadowed the evolution of many photosynthetic plants and oxygenated Earth's atmosphere.. Biological carbon fixation, or сarbon assimilation, is the process by which living organisms convert inorganic carbon (particularly carbon dioxide, CO 2) to organic compounds.

  8. Dioxygen in biological reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxygen_in_biological...

    Free oxygen is produced in the biosphere through photolysis (light-driven oxidation and splitting) of water during photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, green algae, and plants. During oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced to water, thus closing the biological water-oxygen redox cycle.

  9. Dental plaque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_plaque

    Supragingival biofilm is dental plaque that forms above the gums, and is the first kind of plaque to form after the brushing of the teeth. It commonly forms in between the teeth, in the pits and grooves of the teeth and along the gums. It is made up of mostly aerobic bacteria, meaning these bacteria need oxygen to survive.

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