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In aggregation, the object may only contain a reference or pointer to the object (and not have lifetime responsibility for it). Sometimes aggregation is referred to as composition when the distinction between ordinary composition and aggregation is unimportant. The above code would transform into the following UML Class diagram:
2007-01-03 22:11 Mikm 400×143× (7044 bytes) Diagram showing an example of aggregation and composition in UML. 2007-01-03 21:53 Mikm 400×143× (6972 bytes) Diagram showing an example of aggregation and composition in UML.
The diagram on top shows Composition between two classes: A Car has exactly one Carburetor, and a Carburetor is a part of one Car. Carburetors cannot exist as separate parts, detached from a specific car. The diagram on bottom shows Aggregation between two classes: A Pond has zero or more Ducks, and a Duck has at most one Pond (at a time).
UML class diagram Misuses of composition and aggregation. In object-oriented programming this relationship can be represented with a Unified Modeling Language Class diagram. This has-a relationship is also known as composition. As you can see from the Class Diagram on the right a car "has-a" carburetor, or a car is
Composition over inheritance (or composite reuse principle) in object-oriented programming (OOP) is the principle that classes should favor polymorphic behavior and code reuse by their composition (by containing instances of other classes that implement the desired functionality) over inheritance from a base or parent class. [2]
Fig.9 Aggregation Fig.10 Example aggregation. A special type of association is aggregation. Aggregation represents the relation between a concept (as a whole) containing other concepts (as parts). It can also be described as a ‘has-a’ relationship. In Figure 9 an aggregation relationship between OPEN CONCEPT and STANDARD CONCEPT is illustrated.
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The doctrine of composition over inheritance advocates implementing has-a relationships using composition instead of inheritance. For example, instead of inheriting from class Person, class Employee could give each Employee object an internal Person object, which it then has the opportunity to hide from external code even if class Person has ...