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Premalignant lesions are morphologically atypical tissue which appear abnormal when viewed under the microscope, and which are more likely to progress to cancer than normal tissue. [7] Precancerous conditions and lesions affect a variety of organ systems, including the skin, oral cavity, stomach, colon, lung, and hematological system.
[4] [5] The term "pre-cancer" has also been used. These abnormal cells grow in their normal place, thus in situ ( Latin for 'in its place'). For example, carcinoma in situ of the skin, also called Bowen's disease , is the accumulation of dysplastic epidermal cells within the epidermis only, that has failed to penetrate into the deeper dermis.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast. [1] [2] DCIS is classified as Stage 0. [3] It rarely produces symptoms or a breast lump that can be felt, typically being detected through screening mammography.
Some adenomas grow from epithelial tissue in nonglandular areas but express glandular tissue structure (as can happen in familial polyposis coli). Although adenomas are benign , they should be treated as pre-cancerous.
Actinic keratosis (AK), sometimes called solar keratosis or senile keratosis, [1] [2] is a pre-cancerous [3] area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin. [4] [5] Actinic keratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinocytes that is induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure ().
The cells in tubular adenomas, like most tumors that frequently progress to cancer, show certain abnormalities of cell maturation and appearance collectively known as dysplasia. These cellular abnormalities are not seen in benign tumors that rarely or never turn cancerous, but are seen in other pre-cancerous tissue abnormalities which do not ...
Actinic keratosis, pre-cancerous area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin (Below) with cutaneous horn tissue (above) Cutaneous horns , also known by the Latin name cornu cutaneum , are unusual keratinous skin tumors with the appearance of horns, or sometimes of wood or coral.
Cancer DALYs attributable to 11 Level 2 risk factors globally in 2019. [128] Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease cancer risk. [129] The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Thus, cancer is generally preventable. [130]