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The visual effects of a high-altitude or space-based explosion may last longer than atmospheric tests, sometimes in excess of 30 minutes. Heat from the Bluegill Triple Prime shot, at an altitude of 50 kilometers (31 miles), was felt by personnel on the ground at Johnston Atoll , and this test caused retina burns to two personnel at ground zero ...
1]: 4 The actual weapon yield came very close to the design yield, which various sources have set at different values in the range of 1.4 to 1.45 Mt (5.9 to 6.1 PJ). The nuclear warhead detonated 13 minutes 41 seconds after liftoff of the Thor missile from Johnston Atoll. [5] Frame of the Starfish Prime Nuclear Test
Since the E1 component of nuclear EMP depends on the prompt gamma-ray output, which was only 0.1% of yield in Starfish Prime but can be 0.5% of yield in low-yield pure nuclear fission weapons, a 10 kt (42 TJ) bomb can easily be 5 * 8%= 40% as powerful as the 1.44 Mt (6.0 PJ) Starfish Prime at producing EMP.
A 5 psi blast overpressure will rupture eardrums in about 1% of subjects, and a 45 psi overpressure will cause eardrum rupture in about 99% of all subjects. The threshold for lung damage occurs at about 15 psi blast overpressure. A 35-45 psi overpressure may cause 1% fatalities, and 55 to 65 psi overpressure may cause 99% fatalities. [3]
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The single-most important thing to remember if a nuclear bomb is supposed to explode, he says, is to shelter in place. "There were survivors in Hiroshima within 300 meters of the epicenter ...
Explosion Location Date Yield (approximate) Altitude (km) Nation of Origin Hardtack Teak: Johnston Island 1958-08-01 3.8 megatons: 76.8 United States: Hardtack Orange: Johnston Island 1958-08-12 3.8 megatons: 43 United States: Argus I: South Atlantic: 1958-08-27 1-2 kilotons: 200 United States: Argus II: South Atlantic: 1958-08-30 1-2 kilotons: 256
The hydrogen bomb, which carried the force of 50 million tons of conventional explosives, was detonated in a test in October 1961. Russia releases secret footage of 1961 'Tsar Bomba' hydrogen ...