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The whole procedure can be performed on cells from the blood, bone marrow or spinal fluid in a matter of a few hours. [citation needed] Immunophenotyping is a very common flow cytometry test in which fluorophore-conjugated antibodies are used as probes for staining target cells with high avidity and affinity.
Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. [1] [2] [3] [4]In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flow cytometer instrument.
Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). [7] The name typically refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumours. [7] Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and constantly feeling tired.
Micrograph showing Hodgkin's lymphoma, a type of B cell lymphoma that is usually considered separate from other B cell lymphomas. Field stain. CT scan of primary B cell lymphoma in the left ilium, as diffuse cortical and trabecular thickening of the hemipelvis, mimicking Paget's disease. [2] There are numerous kinds of lymphomas involving B cells.
The use of rituximab has been established for the treatment of B-cell–derived hematologic malignancies, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). [7] In addition to cure-directed treatment, people can benefit from self-care to manage symptoms.
Patients with this lymphoma commonly have an IgM gammaopathy, i.e. high blood levels of an IgM monoclonal protein. [ 6 ] Hairy cell leukemia: The monoclonal B-cells in this usually indolent CLL/SLL-like leukemia have a distinctive morphology and are CD5−, CD10−, CD19+, CD20+ (bright), CD23−, CD103+, CD200+, and complete Ig+.
T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (WHO 2008), [1]: 219 previously labeled precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (WHO 2001) [1]: 219 is a form of lymphoid leukemia [2] [3] and lymphoma [4] in which too many T-cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood, bone marrow, and tissues, particularly mediastinal lymph nodes.
Currently, standard treatment for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) involves long-term chemotherapy and medication to prevent or treat side effects associated with low white blood cell counts resulting from intensive chemotherapy regimens. The treatment typically occurs in three stages: induction, consolidation, and maintenance. [3]