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Petrified wood forms when woody stems of plants are buried in wet sediments saturated with dissolved minerals. The lack of oxygen slows decay of the wood, allowing minerals to replace cell walls and to fill void spaces in the wood. [2] [1] Wood is composed mostly of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin. Together, these ...
Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers [1] or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. [2] R. Bruce Hoadley wrote that grain is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including the direction of the wood cells (e.g., straight grain, spiral grain), surface appearance or figure, growth-ring placement (e.g., vertical grain), plane of the cut (e.g ...
The old wood effect or old wood problem is a pitfall encountered in the archaeological technique of radiocarbon dating. A sample will provide misleading or confusing results if materials of different ages are deposited in the same context. Stratification is not always clear-cut in practice. In the case of dating megalithic tombs, indirect ...
A lounge chair using reclaimed wood. Reclaimed lumber is processed wood retrieved from its original application for purposes of subsequent use. Most reclaimed lumber comes from timbers and decking rescued from old barns, factories and warehouses, although some companies use wood from less traditional structures such as boxcars, coal mines and wine barrels.
Woven bamboo flower basket (hanakago) for ikebana by Living National Treasure Hayakawa Shōkosai V, at the Kyoto State Guest HouseBamboo weaving (竹編み, takeami) is a form of bambooworking (竹細工, takezaiku) and a traditional Japanese craft (工芸, kōgei), with a range of different applications, weaving styles and appearances.
Birch wood is fine-grained and pale in colour, often with an attractive satin-like sheen. Ripple figuring may occur, increasing the value of the timber for veneer and furniture-making. The highly decorative Masur (or Karelian) birch, from Betula verrucosa var. carelica, has ripple textures combined with attractive dark streaks and lines.
Wood decay caused by Serpula lacrymans (called true dry rot, a type of brown-rot). Fomes fomentarius is a stem decay plant pathogen Dry rot and water damage. A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot.
In Scandinavia shakes, traditionally used only for roofing, are generally smaller than in North America, measuring 13–16 inches (330–410 mm) long, 4–6 inches (100–150 mm) wide and 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.2 mm) thick, [6] while in Poland and Slovakia they are usually 36 inches (910 mm) long, 4–6 inches (100–150 mm) wide and 1–1.25 inches ...