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Trotsky argued that moral criteria are firmly rooted in their material context rather than "eternal moral truths" based on religious revelation or a particular conception of human nature. [2] He further rejected the abstract generalization of virtue norms in the manner of Immanuel Kant 's " categorical imperative " as he considered this precept ...
Moral development and reasoning are two overlapping topics of study in moral psychology that have historically received a great amount of attention, even preceding the influential work of Piaget and Kohlberg. [28] Moral reasoning refers specifically to the study of how people think about right and wrong and how they acquire and apply moral ...
Patricia Churchland offers that, accepting David Hume's is–ought problem, the use of induction from premises and definitions remains a valid way of reasoning in life and science: [13] Our moral behavior, while more complex than the social behavior of other animals, is similar in that it represents our attempt to manage well in the existing ...
Moral affect is “emotion related to matters of right and wrong”. Such emotion includes shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride; shame is correlated with the disapproval by one's peers, guilt is correlated with the disapproval of oneself, embarrassment is feeling disgraced while in the public eye, and pride is a feeling generally brought about by a positive opinion of oneself when admired by ...
Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. [1] The field of ethics, along with aesthetics , concern matters of value , and thus comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology .
Moral reasoning has been the focus of most study of morality dating back to Plato and Aristotle.The emotive side of morality, worked by Adam Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments, has been looked upon with disdain, as subservient to the higher, rational, moral reasoning, with scholars like Immanuel Kant, Piaget and Kohlberg touting moral reasoning as the key forefront of morality. [7]
Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with Hume). Human rights are also described as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the work of Weber ).
A position issue is a social problem in which the popular opinion among society is divided. [4] Different people may hold different and strongly-held views, which are not easily changed. An example of a position issue is abortion which, in some countries, has not generated a widespread consensus from the public.