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Obesity prior to pregnancy and maternal weight gain above recommended guidelines during pregnancy are another key risk factor for macrosomia or LGA infants. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] It has been demonstrated that while maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are independent risk factors for LGA and macrosomia, they can act synergistically, with ...
The IOM has recommended the ranges of weight gain to be 12.5–18 kg, 11.5–16 kg, 7-11.5 kg, and 5–9 kg respectively. That is, the smaller the BMI pre pregnancy, the more weight a woman is expected to gain during her pregnancy. [3]
Weight gain is related to the weight of the baby, the placenta, extra circulatory fluid, larger tissues, and fat and protein stores. [16] Most needed weight gain occurs later in pregnancy. [103] The Institute of Medicine recommends an overall pregnancy weight gain for those of normal weight (body mass index of 18.5–24.9), of 11.3–15.9 kg ...
It is advised that women with a normal weight before pregnancy should gain a total of 11.5 kilograms to 16.0 kilograms throughout gestation, which is approximately 0.4 kilogram per week in the second and third trimesters. [3] In order to maintain a steady weight gain, the mother should engage in mild physical activities.
The other 96% of the women who are told they are "high-risk" find out that their pregnancy is normal. [citation needed] By comparison, in the same 4000 women, a screening test that has a 99% sensitivity and a 0.5% false positive rate would detect all 10 positives while telling 20 normal women that they are positive.
[2] [3] [13] For a healthy pregnancy, medical induction of labor or cesarean section are not recommended before 39 weeks unless required for other medical reasons. [2] There may be certain medical reasons for early delivery such as preeclampsia. [14] Preterm birth may be prevented in those at risk if the hormone progesterone is taken during ...
The new draft guidance expands on existing recommendations to include screening for all types of blood pressure disorders during pregnancy. Pregnancy blood pressure screening draft recommendations ...
Such tests show a sensitivity of about 99% and a specificity of more than 99.9%. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as diagnostic procedures but may be used to confirm a positive maternal screening test such as a first trimester screening or ultrasound markers of the condition. [61] [62] Trisomy 13 and 18