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Marcel Israël Mauss (French:; 10 May 1872 – 10 February 1950) was a French sociologist and anthropologist known as the "father of French ethnology". [1] The nephew of Émile Durkheim, Mauss, in his academic work, crossed the boundaries between sociology and anthropology.
For Marcel Mauss, Durkheim's nephew and sometime collaborator, a total social fact (French fait social total) is "an activity that has implications throughout society, in the economic, legal, political, and religious spheres." [8] Diverse strands of social and psychological life are woven together through what he came to call total social facts.
The Gift has been very influential in anthropology, [3] where there is a large field of study devoted to reciprocity and exchange. [4] It has also influenced philosophers, artists, and political activists, including Georges Bataille, Jacques Derrida, Jean Baudrillard, and more recently the work of David Graeber and the theologians John Milbank and Jean-Luc Marion.
Interventions in population health "shift the distribution of health risk by addressing the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions" [7] and are implemented through "programs or policies designed and developed in the health sector, but they are more likely to be in sectors elsewhere, such as education, housing or employment". [7]
Mauss was born on 5 June 1928 in Salt Lake City, Utah, and grew up in California, graduating from Oakland High School in 1946. [2] A lifelong member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, as a young adult he served a full-time, two-year mission for the church in New England, and he served throughout his life in many other lay ecclesiastical roles.
Cultural competence is a practice of values and attitudes that aims to optimize the healthcare experience of patients with cross cultural backgrounds. [6] Essential elements that enable organizations to become culturally competent include valuing diversity, having the capacity for cultural self-assessment, being conscious of the dynamics inherent when cultures interact, having ...
Benefits of community-based program design include gaining insight into the social context of an issue or problem, mutual learning experiences between consumer and provider, broadening understanding of professional roles and responsibilities within the community, interaction with professionals from other disciplines, and opportunities for community-based participatory research projects. [4]
Health effects of racism are now a major area of research. In fact, these seem to be the primary research focus in biological and social sciences. [23] Interdisciplinary methods have been used to address how race affects health. according to published studies, many factors combine to affect the health of individuals and communities. [38]