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In chronic bacterial prostatitis, there are bacteria in the prostate, but there may be no symptoms or milder symptoms than occur with acute prostatitis. [9] The prostate infection is diagnosed by culturing urine as well as prostate fluid (expressed prostatic secretions or EPS) which are obtained by the doctor performing a rectal exam and putting pressure on the prostate.
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), previously known as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, is long-term pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without evidence of a bacterial infection. [3] It affects about 2–6% of men. [3] Together with IC/BPS, it makes up urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). [4]
Prostatic congestion is commonly observed in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 years. It can however occur at any age. [2] Chronic prostatitis is one of the main causes of this condition and this occurs when there is accumulation of fluid that can lead to swelling of the prostate that can therefore lead to congestion. [3]
Prostatitis is an umbrella term for a variety of medical conditions that incorporate bacterial and non-bacterial origin illnesses in the pelvic region. In contrast with the plain meaning of the word (which means "inflammation of the prostate"), the diagnosis may not always include inflammation .
Most women, at some time in their lives, experience pelvic pain. As girls enter puberty, pelvic or abdominal pain becomes a frequent complaint. Chronic pelvic pain is a common condition with rate of dysmenorrhoea between 16.8 and 81%, dyspareunia between 8-21.8%, and noncyclical pain between 2.1 and 24%.
They are more common in women than men, but similar between anatomies while carrying indwelling catheters. [7] [18] In women, they are the most common form of bacterial infection. [19] Up to 10% of women have a urinary tract infection in a given year, and half of women have at least one infection at some point in their lifetime.
Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is a painless inflammation of the prostate gland where there is no evidence of infection. [1] It should be distinguished from the other categories of prostatitis characterised by either pelvic pain or evidence of infection, such as chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). [2]
As of 2019, about 94 million men aged 40 years and older are affected globally. [3] BPH typically begins after the age of 40. [1] The prevalence of clinically diagnosed BPH peaks at 24% in men aged 75–79 years. [3] Based on autopsy studies, half of males aged 50 and over are affected, and this figure climbs to 80% after the age of 80. [3]