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The Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (commonly known as CESMM3) sets out a procedure for the preparation of a bill of quantities for civil engineering works, for pricing and for expression and measurement of quantities of work.
Workers continuously poured concrete that ranged in thickness from two feet at the crown to eight feet at the base. Once the concrete cured, it was pre-stressed by pressure grouting the area between the concrete and the basalt. Upon completion of the excavation, workers erected a steel tower in the center to the full height of 250 feet.
Excavation may be classified by type of material: [1]: 13.1 Topsoil excavation; Earth excavation; Rock excavation; Muck excavation – this usually contains excess water and unsuitable soil; Unclassified excavation – this is any combination of material types; Excavation may be classified by the purpose: [1]: 13.1, 13.2
In civil engineering and construction, the neat volume is a theoretical amount of material.. For earthworks, it can refer to the volume either before native material is disturbed by excavation, or after placement and compaction is complete.
A mass haul diagram where land and rock cuts are hauled to fills Fill construction in 1909 Cut & Fill Software showing cut areas highlighted in red and fill areas shaded in blue. In earthmoving , cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway , road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill ...
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
Several factors affect the cost to move a bulk cargo by ship. The bulk freight market is very volatile, with the type of cargo, size of the vessel, and the route traveled all affecting the final price. Moving a capesize load of coal from South America to Europe cost anywhere from $15 to $25 per ton in 2005. [53]
Batch plants combine a precise amount of gravel, sand, water and cement by weight (as per a mix design formulation for the grade of concrete recommended by the structural engineer or architect), allowing specialty concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction sites. Ready-mix concrete is often used instead of other materials ...