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The most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking. COPD is a gradually progressive condition and usually only develops after about 20 pack-years of smoking. COPD may also be caused by breathing in other particles and gases. [citation needed] The diagnosis of COPD is established through spirometry although other pulmonary function tests can be ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Smoking is found to be the most important causative factor leading to COPD. [23] Because of the altered inflammatory response of the macrophages, smoking induces inflammation across the entire airway, which in turns obstructs the airflow. Symptoms of COPD include persistent coughing, wheezing, chest infections and breathlessness.
It is linked to everything from cancer and heart disease to diabetes and COPD. Stopping smoking not only lowers your risk of all these diseases but can add as much as ten years to life expectancy.
Smoking most commonly leads to diseases affecting the heart and lungs and will commonly affect areas such as hands or feet. First signs of smoking-related health issues often show up as numbness in the extremities, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer, particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and ...
[1] [10] The cough is sometimes referred to as a smoker's cough since it often results from smoking. When chronic bronchitis occurs together with decreased airflow it is known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [27] [26] Many people with chronic bronchitis have COPD; however, most people with COPD do not also have chronic bronchitis.
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