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The Philidor position (or Philidor's position) is a chess endgame involving a drawing technique for the defending side in the rook and pawn versus rook endgame. This technique is known as the third-rank defense due to the positioning of the defending rook.
The Classical Defence to the Sämisch is 5...0-0 6.Be3 e5, when White has a choice between closing the centre with 7.d5, or maintaining the tension with 7.Nge2. Kasparov was a major proponent of this defence. [5] The Sämisch Gambit arises after 5...0-0 6.Be3 c5. This is a pawn sacrifice, and was once considered dubious.
According to Jim Bickford, [1] one of the characteristics of this defense is the "cork-screw" maneuver the knight makes by traveling to the second rank via f6 and h5. In the introduction to his monograph, Bickford quotes the late Tony Miles as saying "The black knights are better on the second rank – a shame it takes two moves for them to get there."
The Two Knights Defense (also called the Prussian Defense) is a chess opening that begins with the moves: . 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6. First recorded by Giulio Cesare Polerio [2] (c. 1550 – c. 1610) in the late 16th century, this line of the Italian Game was extensively developed in the 19th century.
The Fischer Defense to the King's Gambit is a chess opening variation that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 d6. Although 3...d6 was previously known, [1] it did not become a major variation until Fischer advocated it in a famous 1961 article in the first issue of the American Chess Quarterly. [2] [3]
The Queen's Indian Defense [1] (QID) is a chess opening defined by the moves: . 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6. The opening is a solid defense to the Queen's Pawn Game. [2] 3...b6 increases Black's control over the central light squares e4 and d5 by preparing to fianchetto the queen's bishop, with the opening deriving its name from this maneuver.
The Tarrasch Defense is a chess opening characterized by the moves: 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c5. The Tarrasch is a variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined. Black's third move is an aggressive bid for central space. After White plays cxd5 and dxc5, Black will be left with an isolated pawn on d5.
The major lines in the opening start with 1.e4 a6 2.d4 b5 and then branch. The main line continues 3.Nf3 Bb7 4.Bd3 e6 5.0-0 Nf6. Another important line is the Three Pawns Attack, sometimes called the St. George Gambit, which continues 3.c4 e6!? 4.cxb5 axb5 5.Bxb5 Bb7 (Black can also play 3...Bb7 and offer the b-pawn for the more valuable White e-pawn).