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The facial lymph nodes comprise three groups: (a) infraorbital or maxillary , scattered over the infraorbital region from the groove between the nose and cheek to the zygomatic arch ; (b) buccinator , one or more placed on the buccinator muscle opposite the angle of the mouth;
The facial muscles are just under the skin (subcutaneous) muscles that control facial expression. They generally originate from the surface of the skull bone (rarely the fascia), and insert on the skin of the face. When they contract, the skin moves. These muscles also cause wrinkles at right angles to the muscles’ action line. [2]
The lymphatic system drains the head and neck of excess interstitial fluid via lymph vessels or capillaries, equally into the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct. Lymph nodes line the cervical spine and neck regions as well as along the face and jaw. The tonsils also are lymphatic tissue and help mediate the ingestion of pathogens.
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. [1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles. [1] Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone. [2]
The triangles of the neck describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.. The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process; below, by the upper border of the clavicle; in front, by the middle line of the neck ...
Scalene muscles; Sphenomandibularis; Splenius capitis muscle; Stapedius muscle; Sternocleidomastoid muscle; Sternohyoid muscle; Sternothyroid muscle; Styloglossus; Stylohyoid muscle; Stylopharyngeus muscle; Suboccipital muscles; Superior auricular muscle; Superior longitudinal muscle of tongue; Superior oblique muscle; Superior pharyngeal ...
They are situated partial deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. They are closely related to the inferior portion of internal jugular vein ; some are also closely related to the brachial plexus , and the subclavian artery and subclavian vein [ 1 ] (those situated in the supraclavicular triangle - beyond the posterior margin of the ...
The classification of the cervical lymph nodes is generally attributed to Henri Rouvière in his 1932 publication "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme" [6] [7] Rouviere described the cervical lymph nodes as a collar which surrounded the upper aerodigestive tract, consisting of submental, facial, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital and retropharyngeal nodes, together with two chains ...