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A string in JavaScript is a sequence of characters. In JavaScript, strings can be created directly (as literals) by placing the series of characters between double (") or single (') quotes. Such strings must be written on a single line, but may include escaped newline characters (such as \n).
Modern JavaScript handles associative arrays, using the Map and WeakMap classes. A map does not contain any keys by default; it only contains what is explicitly put into it. The keys and values can be any type (including functions, objects, or any primitive).
In PHP and R, all arrays can be associative, except that the keys are limited to integers and strings. In JavaScript (see also JSON), all objects behave as associative arrays with string-valued keys, while the Map and WeakMap types take arbitrary objects as keys. In Lua, they are used as the primitive building block for all data structures.
An array data structure can be mathematically modeled as an abstract data structure (an abstract array) with two operations get(A, I): the data stored in the element of the array A whose indices are the integer tuple I. set(A, I, V): the array that results by setting the value of that element to V. These operations are required to satisfy the ...
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
Douglas Crockford originally wrote json2.js as an API for reading and writing his (then up-and-coming) JSON data format. It became so widely used that browser vendors decided to implement its API natively and turn it into a de facto standard ; Since json2.js now implements features native to newer browsers into older browsers, it has become a ...
JSON Pointer [10] defines a string syntax for identifying a single value within a given JSON value of known structure. JSONiq [ 11 ] is a query and transformation language for JSON. XPath 3.1 [ 12 ] is an expression language that allows the processing of values conforming to the XDM [ 13 ] data model.
The C language does not have collections or a foreach construct. However, it has several standard data structures that can be used as collections, and foreach can be made easily with a macro. However, two obvious problems occur: The macro is unhygienic: it declares a new variable in the existing scope which remains after the loop.