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Cylindrical perspective is a form of distortion caused by fisheye and panoramic lenses which reproduce straight horizontal lines above and below the lens axis level as curved while reproducing straight horizontal lines on lens axis level as straight.
The central cylindrical projection is a perspective cylindrical map projection. It corresponds to projecting the Earth's surface onto a cylinder tangent to the equator as if from a light source at Earth's center. The cylinder is then cut along one of the projected meridians and unrolled into a flat map. [1]
Artists may choose to "correct" perspective distortions, for example by drawing all spheres as perfect circles, or by drawing figures as if centered on the direction of view. In practice, unless the viewer observes the image from an extreme angle, like standing far to the side of a painting, the perspective normally looks more or less correct.
Example mechanical drawing. Here is an example of an engineering drawing (an isometric view of the same object is shown above). The different line types are colored for clarity. Black = object line and hatching; Red = hidden line; Blue = center line of piece or opening; Magenta = phantom line or cutting plane line
First-angle is drawing the object sides based on where they land. Example, looking at the front side, rotate the object 90 degrees to the right. What is seen will be drawn to the right of the front side. Third-angle is drawing the object sides based on where they are. Example, looking at the front side, rotate the object 90 degrees to the right.
How the Earth is projected onto a cylinder. The projection: is cylindrical, that means it has a cylindrical projection surface [2] is normal, that means it has a normal aspect; is an equal-area projection, that means any two areas in the map have the same relative size compared to their size on the sphere.
For example, with a cube, this is done by first looking straight towards one face. Next, the cube is rotated ±45° about the vertical axis, followed by a rotation of approximately 35.264° (precisely arcsin 1 ⁄ √ 3 or arctan 1 ⁄ √ 2 , which is related to the Magic angle ) about the horizontal axis.
For example, lines traced from the eye point at 45° to the picture plane intersect the latter along a circle whose radius is the distance of the eye point from the plane, thus tracing that circle aids the construction of all the vanishing points of 45° lines; in particular, the intersection of that circle with the horizon line consists of two ...
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