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The Katipunan (lit. ' Association '), officially known as the Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan [6] [7] [8] [a] (lit. ' Supreme and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation '; Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo) and abbreviated as the KKK, was a revolutionary organization founded in 1892 by a group of Filipino nationalists ...
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon (Spanish: [eˈmi.ljo xaˈsinto]; December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution.He was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary society Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply and more popularly ...
This group was composed of 100 Katipunan members, two of them women: Luisa Lucas and Segunda Fuentes Santiago. [ 4 ] Before noon, the 73rd "Jolo" Regiment, composed of Filipino soldiers under Spanish officers, under the command of General Bernardo Echaluce y Jauregui, arrived as Spanish reinforcements at San Juan del Monte to assist in ...
The Kartilya ng Katipunan (English: Primer of the Katipunan [1]) served as the guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the group's rules and principles. The first edition of the Kartilya was written by Gomez later wrote a revised Decalogue.
The Katipunan was more than a secret revolutionary society; it was, withal, a Government. It was the intention of Bonifacio to have the Katipunan govern the whole Philippines after the overthrow of Spanish rule. [1] [4] Likewise, Renato Constantino and others wrote that the Katipunan served as a shadow government. [5] [6] [7] [8]
The Katipunan obtained overwhelming number of members and attracted the lowly classes. In June 1896, Bonifacio sent an emissary to Dapitan to obtain Rizal's support, but Rizal refused to participate in an armed revolution. On August 19, 1896, Katipunan was discovered by a Spanish friar, which resulted in the start of the Philippine Revolution.
The United States did not recognize either event as legitimate, and tensions escalated until fighting commenced on February 4, 1899 in the Battle of Manila. Shortly after being denied a request for an armistice, the Philippine Council of Government issued a proclamation on June 2, 1899 urging the people to continue the war. [ 17 ]
With the establishment of the Katipunan, Andrés Bonifacio requested his wife, Gregoria de Jesús, to create a flag for the society. De Jesús devised a simple red flag bearing the society's acronym, KKK, in white and arranged horizontally at the center. It became the society's first flag. Some Katipunan members used other variations.