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Configurations. The formula is defined as follows: A × B / C or A × B * C with: A = number of wheels (twin-mounted tires count as one wheel) B = number of driven wheels
The circle of forces, traction circle, friction circle, [1] or friction ellipse [2] [3] [4] is a useful way to think about the dynamic interaction between a vehicle's tire and the road surface. The diagram below shows the tire from above, so that the road surface lies in the xy - plane .
As the tire rotates it may exert a lateral force on the order of 100 N (22 lbf), causing steering pull in one direction. It would be typical for the force to vary up and down from this value. A variation between 90 and 110 N (20 and 25 lbf) would be characterized as a 20 N (5 lbf) lateral force variation (LFV).
RMR layout; the engine is located in front of the rear axle. Rear Mid-engine transversely-mounted / Rear-wheel drive. In automotive design, an RMR, or rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout is one in which the rear wheels are driven by an engine placed with its center of gravity in front of the rear axle, and thus right behind the passenger compartment.
Porsche has continued to develop its 911 model as a rear-engined vehicle, although they have introduced multiple all-wheel-drive models. Most notably, the 911 Turbo has been sold as AWD-only since the release of the 993 model. Race-oriented models such as the GT3 and twin-turbocharged GT2 remain solely RR, however. [5]
One example of a common bolt pattern is 5x100 mm. This means there are 5 bolts evenly spaced about a 100 mm bolt circle. The picture to the right is an example of a 5×100 mm bolt pattern on a Subaru BRZ. The wheel has 5 lug nuts and utilizes a 100 mm bolt circle diameter.
Figure 1 Hard wheel rolling on and deforming a soft surface, resulting in the reaction force R from the surface having a component that opposes the motion. (W is some vertical load on the axle, F is some towing force applied to the axle, r is the wheel radius, and both friction with the ground and friction at the axle are assumed to be negligible and so are not shown.
[1] [2] A two-wheel drive vehicle has two driven wheels, typically both at the front or back, while a four-wheel drive has four. A steering wheel is a wheel that turns to change the direction of a vehicle. A trailer wheel is one that is neither a drive wheel, nor a steer wheel. Front-wheel drive vehicles typically have the rear wheels as ...