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The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
The donor number is a measure of the ability of a solvent to solvate cations and Lewis acids. The method was developed by V. Gutmann in 1976. [2] Likewise Lewis acids are characterized by acceptor numbers (AN, see Gutmann–Beckett method). Typical solvent values are: [3] acetonitrile 14.1 kcal/mol (59.0 kJ/mol) acetone 17 kcal/mol (71 kJ/mol)
A solvent dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution Ethyl acetate, a nail polish solvent. [1] A solvent (from the Latin solvÅ, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid.
The aqueous solution consists of acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonium sulfate (from excess ammonia). A recovery column removes bulk water, and acrylonitrile and acetonitrile are separated by distillation. One of the first useful catalysts was bismuth phosphomolybdate (Bi 9 PMo 12 O 52) supported on silica. [11]
Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid: −249.4 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 200.4 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –1785.7 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 125.5 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas: −218.5 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas: 295.35 J ...
A polar aprotic solvent is a solvent that lacks an acidic proton and is polar. Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. In contrast to protic solvents, these solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, are classifiable as aprotic ...