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Artaxerxes I (/ ˌ ɑːr t ə ˈ z ɜːr k s iː z /, Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçāʰ; [2] [3] Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης) [4] was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, from 465 to December 424 BC. [5] [6] He was the third son of Xerxes I.
Amestris (Greek: Άμηστρις, Amēstris, perhaps the same as Άμαστρις, Amāstris, from Old Persian Amāstrī-, "strong woman") [2] was an Achaemenid queen, wife of king Xerxes I and mother of king Artaxerxes I. [3] [4] She was poorly regarded by ancient Greek historians. [5] [6] [7]
The Septuagint, the Vulgate, the Midrash of Esther Rabbah, I, 3, and the Josippon identify him as Artaxerxes. Many historians and exegetes from ancient times and the middle ages also identified Ahasuerus with Artaxerxes I, including, most notably, Josephus, [11] who relates that "Artaxerxes" was the name by which he was known to the Greeks. [12]
Artaxerxes II is reported to have had a number of wives. His main wife was Stateira, until she was poisoned by Artaxerxes' mother Parysatis in about 400 BC. [58] Artaxerxes II is said to have more than 115 sons from 350 wives. [59] [58] By Stateira Darius (probably aged over 50 in 366 BC) [60] Ariaspes or Ariarathes Ochus (Artaxerxes III)
Artaxerxes III was the son of Artaxerxes II and Statira. Artaxerxes II had more than 115 sons by many wives, most of them however were illegitimate. Some of Ochus' more significant siblings were Rodogune, Apama, Sisygambis, Ocha, Darius and Ariaspes, most of whom were murdered soon after his ascension. [38] His children were: By Atossa: [43]
Xerxes I (/ ˈ z ɜː r k ˌ s iː z / ZURK-seez [2] [a] c. 518 – August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, [4] was a Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC. He was the son of Darius the Great and Atossa, a daughter of Cyrus the Great.
Historia Brittonum, c. 820 Geraint and Enid: Son of King Arthur: Andred Le Morte d'Arthur: Cousin of Tristram (King) Arthur† Arthur Pendragon Y Gododdin, c. 7th century Many High King of Britain, ruler of Logres and lord of Camelot: Aurelius Ambrosius: Ambrosius Aurelianus De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae c. 540s Historia Brittonum c. 820
The couple had three sons and four daughters, including: [4] Sir John Smythe (1533/4–1607), diplomat and military writer. [5] Bennet Smith; Clement Smith; Dorothy Smith, married Edmund Parker (d. 1635) of North Molton in Devon. [6] The Smith arms are visible carved in relief on an oak screen dated 1609 in North Molton Church, impaled by Parker.