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Self-healing of early stage damage is thus a promising new approach to extend the lifetime of the metallic components. In metals, self-healing is intrinsically more difficult to achieve than in most other material classes, due to their high melting point and, as a result, low atom mobility.
is also an important parameter in biological phenomena as it regulates the self-healing properties of the bilayer following electroporation or mechanical perforation of the cell membrane. [8] Unfortunately, this property is both difficult to measure experimentally and to calculate.
By “painting” a solution of lipid in organic solvent across an aperture, Mueller and Rudin were able to create an artificial bilayer and determine that this exhibited lateral fluidity, high electrical resistance and self-healing in response to puncture, [117] all of which are properties of a natural cell membrane.
A supramolecular rubber based on vitrimers can self-heal simply by pressing the two broken edges of the material together. [42] High mechanical strength of a material and self-healing ability are generally mutually exclusive. Thus, a glassy material that can self-heal at room temperature remained a challenge until recently.
The healing of cracks within these materials is alleviated by dispersing nanocapsules within the polymer. The healing substances include dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), which is prepared on site within the material by sonication. The nanoencapsulated material is first emulsified within the host material by creating an oil-in-water self-healing epoxy.
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel.A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation.
Bio-inspired self-healing structural color hydrogels that maintain the stability of an inverse opal structure and its resultant structural colors were developed. [77] A self-repairing membrane inspired by rapid self-sealing processes in plants was developed for inflatable lightweight structures such as rubber boats or Tensairity constructions.
Self-healing abilities of electronic skin are critical to potential applications of electronic skin in fields such as soft robotics. [7] Proper design of self-healing electronic skin requires not only healing of the base substrate but also the reestablishment of any sensing functions such as tactile sensing or electrical conductivity. [7]