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Spain's history during the nineteenth century was tumultuous, and featured alternating periods of republican-liberal and monarchical rule. The Spanish–American War led to losses of Spanish colonial possessions and a series of military dictatorships, during which King Alfonso XIII was deposed and a new Republican government was formed.
The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España) entered a new era with the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between proponents of a Bourbon prince, Philip of Anjou, and the Austrian Habsburg claimant, Archduke Charles.
Spain, [f] officially the Kingdom of Spain, [a] [g] is a country in Southwestern Europe with territories in North Africa. [ 12 ] [ h ] Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe , it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state.
Cuba: capital Havana, also including Pinar del Río, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto Príncipe and Santiago de Cuba. Extremadura: capital Badajoz, including also Cáceres, Ciudad Real and Salamanca (the rest of the province that is not in Old Castile). Galicia: capital La Coruña, also including Lugo, Orense and Pontevedra.
Francisco de Ibarra led an expedition from Zacatecas in northern New Spain, and founded Durango. [54] Juan de Oñate, is sometimes referred to as "the Last Conquistador", [55] expanded Spanish sovereignty over what is now New Mexico. [56] Like previous conquistadors, Oñate engaged in widespread abuses of the Indian population.
The most famous traveler in Spanish America was Prussian scientist Alexander von Humboldt, whose travel writings, especially Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain and scientific observations remain important sources for the history of Spanish America. Humboldt's expedition was authorized by the crown, but was self-funded from his personal ...
The sociedad de la España moderna ("society of modern Spain" in the sense of the Modern Age or Ancien Régime) was a network of communities of diverse nature, to which individuals were attached by bonds of belonging: territorial communities in the style of the house or the village; intermediate communities such as the manor and the cities and their land (alfoz or comunidad de villa y tierra ...
Spain and the United States signs the Pact of Madrid. 1955 Spain joins the United Nations. 1959: Spanish miracle: A period of economic growth began. 1973: Spanish miracle: The period ended. 1975: History of Spain (1975–present) 6 November: The Green March forced Spain to hand over its last remaining colonial possession, Spanish Sahara, to ...