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Phineas P. Gage (1823–1860) was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable: 19 survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his life—effects sufficiently ...
A widely reported case of frontal lobe injury was that of Phineas Gage, a railroad worker whose left frontal lobe was damaged by a large iron rod in 1848 (though Gage's subsequent personality changes are almost always grossly exaggerated).
The book provides an analysis of diverse clinical data contrasting a wide range of emotional changes following frontal lobe damage [4] as well as lower (medulla) and anterior areas of the brain such as the anterior cingulate.
A famous example is Phineas Gage, whose personality appears to have changed (though not as dramatically as usually described) after a perforating injury to his frontal lobe(s). People with subarachnoid hemorrhage , a blown pupil , respiratory distress , hypotension , or cerebral vasospasm are more likely to have worse outcomes.
This personality change is characteristic of damage to the frontal lobe, and was exemplified in the case of Phineas Gage. The frontal lobe is the same part of the brain that is responsible for executive functions such as planning for the future, judgment, decision-making skills, attention span, and inhibition. These functions can decrease ...
In psychology, premorbidity is most often used in relation to changes in personality, intelligence or cognitive function.Changes in personality are common in cases of traumatic brain injury involving the frontal lobes, [1] the most famous example of this is the case of Phineas Gage who survived having a tamping iron shot through his head in a railway construction accident.
Patients with frontal lobe damage, such as Phineas Gage, provided the first evidence that the frontal lobes were associated with decision-making. Frontal lobe damage, particularly to the vmPFC, results in impaired abilities to organize and plan behavior and learn from previous mistakes, without affecting intellect in terms of working memory ...
Studies have found the frontal lobes to be involved in the executive functions of the brain, which are higher level cognitive processes. [28] This control process is involved in the coordination, planning and organizing of actions towards an individual's goals. It contributes to such things as one's behaviour, language and reasoning.