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Intravitreal injection is the method of administration of drugs into the eye by injection with a fine needle. The medication will be directly applied into the vitreous humor. [1] It is used to treat various eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and infections inside the eye such as endophthalmitis. [1]
In neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), key intravitreal agents include Adverum Biotechnologies’ ixoberogene soroparvovec (Ixo-vec) and 4D Molecular Therapeutics’ 4D-150. [4] Both use innovative mechanisms to produce anti-VEGF proteins directly within the eye, significantly reducing the need for frequent anti-VEGF injections.
The risk of elevated intraocular pressure is so great that it is recommended clinicians monitor intraocular pressure before and after intravitreal injection. [11] Mount Sinai researchers have developed a method to measure retina damage from long term intravitreal injection using optimal coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Off-label use of intravitreal bevacizumab has become a widespread treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. [11] Although the drug is not FDA-approved for non-oncologic uses, some studies [which?] suggest that bevacizumab is effective in increasing visual acuity with low rates of ocular adverse effects. However, due to small ...
The incidence of age-related macular degeneration and its associated features increases with age and is low in people <55 years of age. [101] Smoking is the strongest modifiable risk factor. [102] As of 2008, age-related macular degeneration accounts for more than 54% of all vision loss in the white population in the US. [103]
Common adverse effects of the eye formulation include conjunctival hemorrhage, eye pain, cataract, vitreous detachment, floaters, and ocular hypertension. [11]Aflibercept (Zaltrap) has adverse effects typical of anti-cancer drugs, such as reduced blood cell count (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea and abdominal pain, and fatigue.
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