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The Maklakoff tonometer was an early example of this method, while the Goldmann tonometer is the most widely used version in current practice. [3] Because the probe makes contact with the cornea, a topical anesthetic , such as proxymetacaine , is introduced on to the surface of the eye in the form of an eye drop .
Diaton transpalpebral tonometer. Palpation is one of the oldest, simplest, and least expensive methods for approximate IOP measurement, however it is very inaccurate unless the pressure is very high. [3] Intraocular pressure is measured with a tonometer as part of a comprehensive eye examination.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be measured by tonometry devices. The eye can be thought of as an enclosed compartment through which there is a constant circulation of fluid that maintains its shape and internal pressure. Tonometry is a method of measuring this pressure using various instruments. The normal range is 10-21 mmHg.
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer attached with Slit lamp biomicroscope. Goldmann Applanation Tonometer is an instrument that is based on Imbert-Fick law. It is considered to be the gold standard instrument for measurement of Intraocular pressure (IOP).
The baseline glaucoma evaluation tests include intraocular pressure measurement by using tonometry, anterior chamber angle assessment by optical coherence tomography, inspecting the drainage angle , and retinal nerve fiber layer assessment with a fundus examination, measuring corneal thickness , and visual field testing.
Armand Imbert (1850-1922) and Adolf Fick (1829-1901) both demonstrated, independently of each other, that in ocular tonometry the tension of the wall can be neutralized when the application of the tonometer produces a flat surface instead of a convex one, and the reading of the tonometer (P) then equals (T) the IOP," whence all forces cancel each other.
It is one of the four methods of clinical examination, together with inspection, palpation, auscultation, and inquiry. It is done with the middle finger of one hand tapping on the middle finger of the other hand using a wrist action. The nonstriking finger (known as the pleximeter) is placed firmly on the body over tissue.
The eye wall is composed of three layers that lie flat against each other to form the eyeball. The external layer is a tough, white membrane called the sclera with a clear dome at the front of the eye called the cornea.