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  2. Histone methylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_methylation

    Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how ...

  3. DNA methylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation

    DNA methylation appears absolutely required in differentiated cells, as knockout of any of the three competent DNA methyltransferase results in embryonic or post-partum lethality. By contrast, DNA methylation is dispensable in undifferentiated cell types, such as the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, primordial germ cells or embryonic stem cells.

  4. Contribution of epigenetic modifications to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contribution_of_epigenetic...

    DNA methylation can be stable during cell division, allowing for methylation states to be passed to other orthologous genes in a genome. DNA methylation can be reversed via enzymes known as DNA de-methylases, while histone modifications can be reversed by removing histone acetyl groups with deacetylases. The process of DNA methylation reversal ...

  5. Histone-modifying enzymes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone-modifying_enzymes

    Both DNA methylation and histone modifications show patterns of distribution in cancer cells. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] These epigenetic alterations may occur at different stages of tumourigenesis and thus contribute to both the development and/or progression of cancer.

  6. Epigenome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenome

    The function of DNA strands (yellow) alters depending on how it is organized around histones (blue) that can be methylated (green).. In biology, the epigenome of an organism is the collection of chemical changes to its DNA and histone proteins that affects when, where, and how the DNA is expressed; these changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic ...

  7. Methyltransferase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyltransferase

    The location of the modifications can be partially determined by DNA sequence, as well as small non-coding RNAs and the methylation of the DNA itself. Most commonly, it is histone H3 or H4 that is methylated in vertebrates. Either increased or decreased transcription of genes around the modification can occur.

  8. Histone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone

    Methylation can affect how other proteins such as transcription factors interact with the nucleosomes. Lysine acetylation eliminates a positive charge on lysine thereby weakening the electrostatic attraction between histone and DNA, resulting in partial unwinding of the DNA, making it more accessible for gene expression.

  9. Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic_regulation_of_n...

    Epigenetic mechanisms. Three important methods of epigenetic regulation include histone modification, DNA methylation and demethylation, and microRNA expression. Histones keep the DNA of the eukaryotic cell tightly packaged through charge interactions between the positive charge on the histone tail and the negative charge of the DNA, as well as between histone tails of nearby nucleosomes.